Indeed William. However in some places like California (where they passed a fair housing act), some folks like me grew up in an All American neighborhood. Us kids were a complete spectrum of colors, yet we all shared the expectation that, while our fathers were working class, we would be middle class or better. It was this upward mobility "class culture" made all the difference. Your point is well taken, however. The vast majority of minorities were never allowed this foothold, and since then most of the ladders have been replaced with chutes. Not to mention the rise of fascist scapegoating.